Sex Education Is The Process Of Teaching Teenagers

â€Å"There is a large gap between what teachers think should be taught and what they teach when it comes to birth control, abortion and sexual orientation.† (Sex Education) There is also a big difference in what teenagers already know and what they need to know. Kaiser reported that two in five students want more factual information on birth control, how to use it and where to get it from, also how to handle the pressure of having sex. Kaiser also reported that a significant percentage of students say that these topics are not covered in their most recent sexuality education course, or that they are not covered in depth. Of the seventh through twelfth graders that were asked, approximately half of them say they need more information about what to do in the event of rape, sexual assault, how to get tested for HIV or STDs, factual information on HIV and STDs and also how to talk with their sexual partner about birth control and STDs. (Sex Education) Sex education in schools is the process of teaching teenagers information about sex and helping them form their own attitude and belief on sex. The purpose of teaching teenagers about sex early is to help them gain control and make wise decisions about their sexual behavior; being stern on the subject gives teens the confidence and competence they need to act on these choices. (Sex Education That Works) High school students want more information about sexual and reproductive health issues than what they are receiving in school. ThereShow MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Incorporated Into Public Schools?1372 Words   |  6 PagesFor Sex Education in Public Schools An observation of the prevalent television programs and popular topics broadcasted in the media often depict teenagers with an air of promiscuity. Is teenage pregnancy really an uncontrolled epidemic, as depicted in shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant†? Are a vast majority of teenagers exchanging racy photos of their bodies with each other? If so, are teenagers acting out because of too much sex education? Or is the outbreak of hyper-sexualized activity linked to lackRead MoreThe Importance Of Sex Education1340 Words   |  6 PagesSex education is one of the most debated problems in education, which has been floating on educational agendas for ages. There has been a constant dialogue about the role that sex education should play in curriculum of K-12 education. As breathing human beings, we all know that sex is a large part of our lives, however, how young is too young to know and talk about sex? With the increase of sexually transmitted diseases, commonly known as â€Å"ST D’s†, among young people, many schools have added sex educationRead MoreThe Lack Of Insufficient Sex Education For Teenagers1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, the lack of insufficient sex education for teenagers is a major problem. This ongoing issue has led to the development of a bigger problem such as teen pregnancy, sexual transmitted infection, and emotional problems adolescence have to face when engaging in sexual activity at a young age. According to the Understanding Human Sexuality textbook (2010) sexuality education can occur in many settings such as at home or school, and in personal relationships or from information found on theRead MoreShould Sexual Education Be Mandatory?877 Words   |  4 Pagessexual education should be taught in schools? The answer is simply yes. Sexual education should be taught in schools because it can help many teenagers prevent life threating things that come without knowledge of the subject. Without any knowledge on the subje ct of sex, many teenagers can put themselves in danger that can easily be prevented. Should this class be mandatory? Sexual education should be mandatory simply because of the benefits that come with it. Without knowledge on sex, teenagers canRead MoreIs Sex All That Matter?1108 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Is Sex All That MAtter ?† by Joyce Garity, she offers up commentary on today’s teenagers that are being bombarded with unrealistic expectations of their sexual behavior. Many of the unrealistic sexual images shown in television, advertisements, and magazines influence these adolescents behavior and dreams. Several of these advertisers trumpet sexuality making the teenagers expectation for their own sexual life unrealistic and unsafe, due to the fact that they are unaware of the consequences thatRead MoreSex Education During The United States873 Words   |  4 PagesSex education in the United States is not very comprehensive and none regulated, which means that many American teenagers are without the proper information to make informed decisions about sex and sexual health. Many schools offer just abstinence only education and are unable to explain safe sex procedures, putting children at risk for unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. With the average age of intercourse at fifteen years old (Buehler 2014) and many parents uncomfortable withRead MoreEpidemiology Nur/4081540 Words   |  7 PagesEpidemiology of HPV in Teenagers Rosalyn Huf NUR/408 June 4, 2012 Linnette Nolte Epidemiology today is considered to be the core science of public health and is described as a constellation of disciplines with a common mission: optimal health for the whole community (Stanhope amp; Lancaster, 2008). Epidemiology has reformed public health and continues to strive for disease prevention and health promotion in communities across the world. The population and disease that will be discussed inRead MoreReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom under Unit 4s Project Description. PART I: PRE-INTERVIEW WORKSHEET DIRECTIONS: Complete each section of the Pre-Interview Worksheet below. Although students are not required to conduct an interview as research for the final project, the process of thinking about potential questions and responses related to the final project topic will help stimulate further ideas and questions related to conducting relevant and reliable research. Of course, you may also decide to interview the person discussedRead MoreSexual Education Starts At Home Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesSexual education is a constant development that starts from birth and continues across the developmental life span. During this process, it is crucial to lay a strong foundation for sexual health. There are many factual and non-factual opinions about the topic of sexual education. It is constantly it is being discussed and highly publicized in our society via Mass Media and some of the most influential people in our lives. Sexual education is more than sex; it’s about sexual developm ent, reproductionRead MoreSexual Activity While Practicing Abstinence850 Words   |  4 Pagesactivity by teaching the importance of abstinence, but sex is glamorized in society , by the the media, the movies, commercials, advertisements and music that glamorizes sexuality and makes it confusing for adolescent to know what is acceptable and how they should behave. Parents Parents want their children to practice abstinence for their health and for a healthy marriage, but would prefer schools encourage and teach abstinence. Many parents do not feel comfortable talking about sex and remaining

The And Resolve Conflicts Constructively - 1158 Words

Social Emotional Standard: D. Demonstrate an ability to prevent, manage, and resolve interpersonal conflicts in constructive ways. 2D.1b. Identify approaches to resolving conflicts constructively. Objective: After discussing feelings and emotions generated by conflict and approaches to resolving conflicts constructively, the student will be able to accurately demonstrate techniques to resolving conflicts constructively. Assessment: I will informally assess the students during two parts of the lesson. During the discussion, I will assess if the students show an awareness of what causes conflicts. Do they offer situations? Do they share from experience? Are students nodding to agree or disagree with their peers’ statements? I will also†¦show more content†¦game cards Peace Week in Miss Fox’s Class by E. Spinelli Learning Theory: Vygotsky is the theorist that drives this lesson. The students will collaborate in groups and participate in student to teacher discussions during TPS allowing students to build off of each other’s knowledge to acquire deeper understanding through social constructivism which aligns with Vygotsky s theory. Vygotsky believed that knowledge was gained by students and teachers working together rather than solely through lecture. This will allow each student to build on their peers knowledge as well as their own. Introduction: During the second week of school, I will have my second-grade student join me on the rug. 1. I will open the lesson by reading the book, Peace Week in Miss Fox’s Class by Eileen Spinelli. 2. After reading the book, I will guide the students in a discussion about the book. After asking each question, I will allow the students time to TPS. †¢ How do you think it felt to be in Miss Fox’s class before and after Peace Week? †¢ Which one of our classroom rules were Miss Fox’s students breaking? †¢ How do you think the students felt when they were squabbling, which means, arguing or not getting along? †¢ How do you think it felt when Miss Fox’s students made good choices during Peace Week? 3. After a short time of discussion, I will ask if the students know what conflict means. I will call on students toShow MoreRelatedConflict Resolution1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Everyone faces conflict in their lives on a daily basis. It is an accepted and expected part of life. Conflict is not a problem in itself - it is what we do with it that counts. You cant avoid conflict in your life, at home, at work, and even at play. Wherever people interact, there is a potential for conflict. That is not bad news because good things can arise, and relationships can improve through conflict, provided conflict is managed with thought and attention. The bad newsRead More Essay on Conflict Resolution and Mediation to End School Violence949 Words   |  4 PagesUse of Conflict Resolution and Mediation to End School Violence       Conflict and differences of opinion exist in every healthy organization. Americans need to try to take control of todays youth and the violence that is and has been developing in this country for many years.   Although violence will never be extinct, there are many different ways to reduce violence.   Each school and student population has different ways of dealing with and helping to curb the need for violence in schools. Read MoreConflict Resolution Strategies687 Words   |  3 PagesIn trying to resolve the conflict between Reece and Patel, Edwards used an avoidance strategy. Instead of speaking directly about the root causes, or sources, of the conflict, Edwards focused on the behaviors and treated Reece and Patel like children. Edwards scolded them, and sent them off without bothering to find out what was bothering the two. Of course, this type of conflict resolution is ineffective because it fails to address the underlying issues. As Anderson (n.d.) points out, addres singRead MoreUnderstand Partnership Working Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship with colleagues is always professional and we do not let our personal lifes conflict with our working lives. 2.4 I deal with conflict constructively should it arise with colleagues by listening to their point of view and respecting them as I would expect them to listen to mine. I do not let conflict get in the way of working relationships or do I act unprofessional whilst in the workplace. If conflict can not be resolved with a colleague I would report it to my Manager who I would askRead MoreThe Importance of Conflict Resolution in a Group2547 Words   |  11 PagesResolution of Conflict As an Effective Tool in Resolving Disagreements Kristin Rochon University of Phoenix Abstract Conflict resolution is an important skill that can be beneficial and lead to a greater understanding of our fellow man and our common denominators. It is through conflict resolutionRead MoreConflict Between Two Nurses And The Day Shift Nurse Alexandria822 Words   |  4 Pages Conflict, â€Å"is a disagreement on values or beliefs within oneself or between people that causes harm or has the potential to cause harm† (Yoder-Wise, 2015). The scenario given describes conflict between two nurses: the night shift nurse Nancy, and the day shift nurse Alexandria. They both have different opinions on the problem and neither has made an effort to address the issue. Alexandria complains that she has to finish tasks that Nancy has not completed during her shift. Nancy complains thatRead MoreAn Integrated Conflict Management System1151 Words   |  5 Pagestoday Bank of America has become very conflict competent by implying an integrated conflict management system. They have integrated a Code of Conduct in their workplace and have organizations within their company to specifically deal with conflict resolution. Throughout history most major companies, like Bank of America, have changed their views on how they treated their employees to create an efficient work group. Major companies began to realize that conflict is normal and happens naturally andRead MoreMediation : A Good Point1427 Words   |  6 Pagesbully. The chil d can feel safe and get the needed help to stop these conflicts from getting worst while strengthen their relationships with their parents. Another good point brought up about third party mediation is that this mediation does not seek to apportion blame but rather seeks an outcome of compromise and collaboration (Maley, 1995). Narrative mediation is another type of mediation which can be used to resolve conflict by giving the opportunity to hear the story from the perspective of theRead MoreConflict Causes1102 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Causes Conflict is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are negatively affected by another party (Kinicki 2009). This is a normal and natural part of any work place. When it occurs, there is a tendency for morale to be lowered and decreased productivity. However, conflict can be useful, it can push conflicting parties to grow, communicate and urge the flow of new ideas. For this to happen, leaders need to understand why conflict occurs and take the correct stepsRead MoreLead and Manage a Team Within a Health and Social Care Setting1127 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to become effective and reach maturity. At the ‘Forming’ stage of team development individual roles and responsibilities are unclear and each member of the team is concerned to avoid conflict with each other. From this point the team will go through the ‘Storming’ phase which is when they start to conflict as individuals put forward ideas which will be challenged by others in a bid to gain power and position over others. After this the ‘Norming’ phase follows and it is at this point that individual

Construction of Berlin Wall Separation Between Two Ideologies

Question: Discuss about theConstruction of Berlin Wallfor Separation Between Two Ideologies. Answer: The Construction of the Berlin Wall: A Physical Separation Between Two ideologies In the aftermath of the World War-II, the World is divided into two supreme blocs, United States of America and United States of Soviet Russia. The Cold War episode entails a phase of ideological confrontation between a capitalist USA and the communist USSR. The Berlin Wall Divide is one of the significant repercussions of the Cold War. The historians believe that the Berlin Wall Separation assumed an important historical dimension. The essay reflects on the main reasons that culminate the construction of the Berlin Wall. After the end of the World War-II, a series of Allied peace conference at Yalta and Potsdam conferences determined the contour of Germanys territories. They divided the defeated nation into four allied occupation zones. The Soviet Union seized control of the eastern part of the country and the Western part went into the fold of the United States, Great Britain and subsequently France. The essay seeks to address the trajectory of the conflict, by capitalizing on the construction of the Berlin Wall. From the political front, America was a capitalist country whereas Russia was communist. In the view point of John Lewis (2007)[1], ideological difference rises from the very point when there is a difference in the political perspective of two countries. It has to be noted that America had freedom and two-party democracy while USSR had a secret police and a one-party state. America had always focused on carrying out trading activities with European countries like Germany but Russia always focused on weakening the power of Germany and to create a friendly zone around Russia. These perspectives of the two groups were completely different that has lead to the situation of building the Berlin Wall (Mur 2004)[2]. As commented by Frederick[3] (2012), Berlin Wall was a tangible symbol of creating suppression of the basic human rights by the Eastern bloc that happened during the Cold war. The Berlin Wall was officially declared as the Anti-Fascist Protective Wall that implied that the NATO world is the fascists region and it is somewhat referred to as the Wall of Shame (Mur 2004)[4]. The effort made to stem the tide of the refugees who might attempt to leave East Berlin. The Eastern part of Germany went into the orbit of the Communist Russia and witnessed a phase of rigorous hardship (Tauban 2013)[5]. One of the major reasons behind the construction of the Berlin Wall was to stop the number of feeling population from the East Berlin to cross over the West Berlin (Wiegrefe 2009)[6]. Majority of the German population saw the construction of the Berlin Wall as a perilous blow to the economy of the country. All the factors acted as a composite whole that led the country knelt below the fate of annihilation. The Berlin Divide bears a testimony to the fact that the reunification was an elusive thing in the near future. There was a massive outrage in either side of Germany, particularly in East Germany. In East Germany, the plight of people was deplorable and the economic dislocations reached a peak. The secret communist societies subdued the uprisings in the Eastern part of Germany. However, given the renewed dangers of conflict during the previous few years, the building of the Wall, although it unleashed a brief East-West showdown, was seen from a global perspective -- not necessaril y the catastrophe that it first appeared. The experts believe that the construction of Berlin Wall Divide led to the exodus of 2.5 million people from the Eastern part of Germany. The exodus took place between 1945 and 1961 that led to the reduction of GDRS population by 15 per cent. In the summer of 1961, the exodus reached a critical climax that came to be known as escape hatch (Taubman 2003)[7] It was in the year 1961, when there was a complete sealing of the two sections of East and West Berlin. In fact, a barbed wire was also set up between the two regions to show a strong disagreement of the kind of relationship with the East and the West Berlin (Ulbricht 1965)[8]. With the advent of the construction of the Berlin Wall, US were angry and major troops were sent to give up on the idea of the armoured troops in the West Berlin. West Germany was furious as well and sent armoured troops to begin to protect against the idea of demolishing the Wall[9]. It was the President, John F. Kennedy who pointed out that it is better to build a Wall than to wage a War. It was in the year 1958 the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev demanded that the Western Power of the United States, Great Britain and France as well pull them out of the West Berlin within the six months of the manufacture of the Berlin Wall (Tauban et al. 2000)[10]. Nikita Khrushchev who led the Soviet Union at the time of the Cold War, pursued a policy of achieving a peaceful co-existence with the West (Pugh 2014)[11]. The USSR General Secretary had a telephonic conversation with Walter Ulbricht and it was well decided that in order to stop the unwanted fleeing away of people, construction of Berlin Wall was indeed important (Gaddis 2007)[12]. The Nuclear weapons that was found 90 miles away from Florida initiated the process of de-Stalinization and it was proposed to make an authoritarian in his own right that also resulted in crushing a revolt in Hungary that was one of the reasons that lead to the construction of the Berlin Wall (Taylor 2006)[13]. The boundary between the two German States had been fortified but was administered towards opening of an allied power. The complete process was done on a secret basis (Miller 1999)[14]. In fact, the border was also sealed off for a long duration that the process remained unseen from the rest of the World (Mur 2004)[15]. It was under the guidance and direction of the President, Construction of the Wall started that gave rise to Historical evidence. The propaganda disaster marked an end of Nikitas attempt to make an approach towards peace treaty of the two German States. The crisis spanned for more than three years that had lead to the division of Germany from its capital, the city of Berlin. These were the clear indication of the formation of the Second World War despite the postwar agreement to unify the zones. By the end of the World War II, it was observed that Berlin was controlled by two super powers, Soviet Union and the USA. Due to the difference in the ideologies of the two countries, the War resulted in the creation of two worst enemies. Capitalism of USA and Soviet socialism provoked a conflict that resulted in the Cold War. The essay concludes that the Berlin Wall Divide caused havoc in the Global politics and catapulted Germany to another degree of destruction. It resulted in the destruction of Germanys unity that was engineered by Otto Von Bismarck in the mid 19th century. The Cold War episode entails a phase of ideological confrontation between a capitalist USA and the communist USSR. The Berlin Wall Divide is one of the significant repercussions of the Cold War. Due to the historic Cold War, Berlin crises reached the crescendo. The Cold War had tarnished the unified picture of Germany. Bibliography: Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: a new history. New York: Penguin Books, 2007. Gru?nbacher, Armin. 2004. Reconstruction And Cold War In Germany. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate. Kempe, Frederick. Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the most dangerous place on earth. New York: Berkley Books, 2012. Miller, David. The Cold War. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press, 1999. Taubman, William. Khrushchev: the man and his era. New York: Norton, 2003. Mitchell, Otis C. 2005. The Cold War In Germany. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. Mur, Cindy. 2004. The Berlin Wall. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Pugh, Emily. 2014. Architecture, Politics, and Identity In Divided Berlin. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. Taubman, William, Sergei? Khrushchev, and Abbott Gleason. 2000. Nikita Khrushchev. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Taylor, Frederick. The Berlin Wall: a world divided, 1961-1989. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. Ulbricht, Walter. 1965. National Mission Of The German Democratic Republic And The Forces For Peace Of West Germany. [Berlin]: Council of State of the German Democratic Republic. Ulbricht, Walter. 1967. Social Development In The German Democratic Republic Up To The Completion Of Socialism. Dresden: Zeit im Bild. Wiegrefe, Klaus. "The Khrushchev Connection: Who Ordered The Construction Of The Berlin Wall? - Spigel online". Spigel online, 2009..

Role of chemistry in domestic activities free essay sample

12537 Name DABADE MILIND BABASO Fathers Name DABADE BABASO NAMDEV Address AP VATHAR TARF VADGAON TAL HATKANANGALE DIST KOLHAPUR City VATHAR TARF VADGAON State MAHARASHTRA Pin Code 416112 Gender male Religion HINDU Signature of Candidate with in box CerO? cate No. Caste (mark v) Issue Date MAG/SR/NO/H-1451/08 SC Non Creamy Layer 2008-Aug-20 (for OBC Candidate Only) attach the copy of permanent caste/NCL Certificate issued by Competent Authority on or after 1/1/13 Date of Birth 1992-09-16 Physically Handicapped no For Departmental Candidate (mark v) Age as on 28/02/2014 no Only for Security Guard/ASSI Height Chest 33-35 70 Please MenOon 21 year 5 month 20 days NCC B C CerO? cate Ex Army/ Ex-BSF Other NCC B CERTIFICATE Note : Mondatory for Astt Security Sub Inspector, Gr. D/Security Guard, Gr. G Attach supporting certificates[Must for the post of Security Guard/ASS-Ex Army/ Ex-BSF Personnel or NCC B C Certificate holder EducaOon Quali? caOon KOLHAPUR Year of Passing 2008 Stream (specify from the adverOsement) NA KOLHAPUR 2011 ARTS Quali? caOon Board /University SSC HSC Details of Project A? ected Person-PAP, if any [a? ach documents] Experience Name Employment Exchange registraOon Number. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of chemistry in domestic activities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page if any DuraOon of Course % age of Marks 1 YEAR 48% 1 YEAR 41% No no 20130425C100484 Fee Details [non refundable] [Exempted for SC/ST PWD /Department Candidates] DD NO. DD Date Amount 0 Date of Applying 2014-03-07 SBI Bank Branch Name

Doubt is the Key to Knowledge

Doubt is the key to knowledge, which is a Persian proverb, has its own meaning and connotation. From an individual viewpoint, doubt materializes as the state of observance amid skepticism and certainty. Often, doubt permits any apparent notion to be questioned. It invokes one to instigate an inquiry besides compelling given truths to be reviewed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Doubt is the Key to Knowledge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These allow for improved reconsiderations, thus advancing expansions of knowledge. The process continues till individuals establish grounds that they are contented with. This paper seeks to discuss the degree at which doubt has been exhibited to be the key to knowledge. It concerns two vital knowledge areas namely history and natural sciences. Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines science as a knowledge system that covers the operations of either the general laws or general truths as acquired and confirmed via the scientific techniques and oriented to the experimental physical world phenomena. Via the historical course, science is perceived as a substantiated and confirmed way to gain knowledge by way of conducting experiments. The scientific community regards this as a decisive means of deriving facts from the unknown, thus establishing actualities. In fact, scientists strongly disapprove and doubt the ensuing ideas till sufficient evidence that supports them is provided. Should we therefore conclude that knowledge in science is provisional and consents to falsification? Certainly, any theory having adequate logics stands a chance of falsifying the standing knowledge that was hitherto held. Hence, I sincerely trust that science is actually provisional through doubt. Science primarily evolves by virtue of the abstract or perhaps the contingent unsolved postulates that scientists endeavor to establish and define their connotations. Such hypotheses are experim ented by means of scientific techniques and every constructive deduction that is drawn will thereafter be established as a theory. Basically, any theory that is apprehended as scientific knowledge tends to remain in that status till they become doubtful and questioned. This occurs when new explorations and experiments is such areas opposes the questionable theory. Scientific history ascertains that knowledge descends from identical courses. Early Mesopotamian studies showed that Earth was a domed flat disk. It was till Magellan Ferdinand had a confirmation that the globe was sphere-shaped in the fifteenth century subsequent to his fruitful circumvention of the world (Rosenberg 2004, p.163). In spite of the infinite reproaches, debates and libels made against his observation, Galilei Galileo disapproved the endured concept that the earth was the epicenter of the world.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, unless proved otherwise, scientific theories and experiments provided knowledge and that knowledge is continuously augmented through experimentations and tests. This means that, although these scientific methods are considered to represent the laws of nature, new theories and methods are continuously being discovered to challenge the existing laws. Hence, gaining new knowledge is an incessant process proviso doubt still persists in the status quo. There ought to be certain suppositions and allusions that make my opinions to remain real. The principal postulation is that for doubt to be effective in unraveling any scientific knowledge, one has to remain being in doubt till verified by germane scientific proof or trialing upshots. The evidence or results can either be on the side of or against the proposition. The method used to test the controversial theory must be universally acknowledged by the whole scientific community or else any significant result of the research may not be recognized. Therefore, any method used to test any scientific theory has to remain definite or certain. In the contrary, the research method should not be ambiguous or debatable as might finally prove to be destructive to the attained knowledge. Doubt only is incapable of developing new scientific theories. But it is very important in the verification and defense of hypotheses into theories and concepts into scientific laws. Though most scientific theories and laws contribute to the development of knowledge, some remain incapable of proving with sufficient logic that they are knowledgeable and they must be recognized as such (Urdahl, 1917). Since science is continuously updated via revolutionary discoveries, most scientists seem to be unaware that the laws or theories cannot be proven. This is because no one can tell whether the theory or law in question is inconceivable natural truth. This causes scientists to continually be in doubt by proving other bodies of knowledge fruitless and futile. For example, the theory of black hole is yet to be proven. Nevertheless, some of the perceived theories concerning the black hole maybe right, but given that they cannot be verified, cosmological scientists maybe spending senseless energies in generating novel concepts rather than directing such energies in attesting that such a concept is actually right (Wald 1992, p.62). The untiring doubt might give rise to the dismissal of the right concept causing the weakening of knowledge. Nonetheless, some theories or laws have proven to hold true and therefore does not need further experimentation, hence conceived as the truth. For instance, the fact that the earth is going round the sun cannot be disputed. Thus, even though doubt contributes to the scientific progress and knowledge, it has limits that might be disadvantageous to knowledge advancementAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Doubt is the Key to Knowledge specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As random house dictionary asserts, history is a division of knowledge that deals with events that happened in the past. These events may be relating to specific society, period or particularly to the human race. Akin to science, the study of the past is to certain level a draft to knowledge. Interpretations of events relating to the past by historians may be different depending on the historical evidences gathered (Urdahl, 1917). This means that the interpretations are susceptible to changes as new evidences relating to the event continue to emerge. In similar way, totally different opinion can be deduced from new material. This confirms the occurrence of doubt within the historical studies. Knowledge from historic actualities is deemed to be the veracity as vindicated by the amassed proofs and chronological inquiry, yet similar knowledge can be rejected by newfangled facts that are perceived to be valid. This dislodges the hitherto held truth. Historical revisionism is a branch of the historical academic field that studies the conventional opinions on historical evidences, intentions and processes of making decisions connected to historical events with an aim of revising and reinterpretation (Miller et al. 2010, p37). Revisionist historians always have an aim of reinterpreting the largely accepted views through doubt. Generally, revisionist historians have doubts on the accessible confirmations alongside the suppositions that are acquired from such facts. Hence, they go beyond ordinary study to uncover new evidences that could have been subsumed. These new evidences could either way approve the former made conclusions or challenge the status quo by presenting it as historically false. In the process, they draw new conclusions that may be perceived as being legitimate historical knowledge until proved untrue by new evidences. For instance, during the war in the Arabian Gulf, the US defense approved the deploying of forces into Saudi Arabia. They used satellite photo evidences that Iraqi was gathering its forces in the Arabian Desert to organize for an imminent invasion (Harvey 2001, p.136. Thru that spell, the United States was considered useful for the imperative part it assumed in the protection of Saudi-Arabia from the Iraqi belligerence. However, no one questioned the authentication of the satellite photos, thus there was no doubt about them. But St. Petersburg Times, came across two satellite photos from one of the Soviet profit-making satellites with indications of the absence of Iraqi military anywhere near the purported area.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This new evidence changed the previously held view and the American motives became questionable. The old evidence was historically proven false, thereby increasing the doubts of American motives. As a consequence, new theories were formulated to explain the real intentions of the American military. Some gave suggestions that Americans modified the satellite images to suit their reasons for deploying troops to protect their international interest, in this case the oil import source. The demonstrations indicated how revisionists doubting of any historical evidence can lead to the discovery of new evidences that can support the claim or disapprove the claim (Gkotzaridis 2006, p.193). In the process of analyzing the new evidence, more accurate conclusions are made and in the end they contribute to development of new historical studies knowledge. Afore augmenting knowledge advancement, doubt might alter and make genuine chronological knowledge fallacious. The process of illegally distort ing historical facts is known as negationism (Hephaestus Books 2011, p.288). Negationism materialized when the Japanese battle offenses were revealed when WWII was occurring. The story of Nanking assault was an archaeologically famous incident for the Japanese militia involvement in heartless undertakings like burglary, manslaughter and mass assault committed on the Nanking occupants. Albeit Japanese government admitted the legitimacy of the historical evidence during the event, they have all a long modulated the scale of the committed atrocities through the criticism of Chinese death toll estimates. Japanese government accused Chinese authorities of engineering statistics accredited to Nanking bloodbath. The Japanese publications comprising of primers studied in schools deliberately excluded these carnages. This deliberate exclusion contributes to the distortions of true historical facts. Because of the presence of disputes surrounding war crimes that was committed by the Japanese militia, it is quit hard to determine the truth on either side (Hephaestus Books 2011, p.289). As a result, the solution rests on the historical evidence that is commonly accepted. In this instance, it is quite clear that both historical distortions together with denials of historical realities contribute to the deterioration of knowledge. Hence, doubt cannot with certainty be recognized as the basic source of knowledge as claimed. Nonetheless, pertaining to history as field of knowledge, it cannot be denied that doubt plays a vital role as a supporter of knowledge that is gained from historical studies. With doubting incapability, historians are imbued in facts and ideas that had already been established. These established facts and concepts can easily be challenged through thorough research and application of new methods for establishing evidence. Therefore, history to some range is impermanent and devoid of doubt, the prospective knowledge will endure being debatable and fairy-ta le. To conclude, given that knowledge has been verified to be far-reaching and abstruse in the historic and systematic grounds, it becomes very difficult to judge doubt and its capabilities so that they can accurately emerge as fundamental to knowledge execution. Nevertheless, through appropriate researches and studies in these knowledge areas, this paper has taken a stand that to a greater degree, doubt is central as well as essential factor in determining knowledge. References Gkotzaridis, E 2006, Trials of Irish History: Genesis and evolution of a reappraisal, 1938-2000, Routledge, New York, NY. Harvey, B 2001, Russia in space: The failed frontier? Springer, New York, NY. Hephaestus Books, 2011, Historical revisionism (negationism, including: Mein Kampf, Holocaust Denial, Institute for Historical Review, Ma Lik, Miguel Serrano, Memory Hole, Israeli-Palestinian History Denial, Japanese War Crimes, the Two Babylons, Ernst Nolte, Neo-Stalinism, Hephaestus Books, London, UK. Miller, FP, Vandome, AF McBrewster, J 2010, Historical Revisionism, )lpha script Publishing, BÃ ¼ckeburg, Germany. Rosenberg, MT 2004, The handy geography answer book, Barnes Noble Books, Bellevue. Urdahl, HH, 1917, The key of knowledge: A simple treatise comprising the phenomena of mind and of matter, combining psychology, physiology and sociology in scientific philosophy, Portland, Or. Wald, RM 1992, Space, time, and gravity: The theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, UK. This essay on Doubt is the Key to Knowledge was written and submitted by user Charlee Finley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Second Generation Immigrant

Second Generation Immigrant Introduction The socio-political and economic plights of the immigrants have been a subject of social research for a long time; the immigrants are considered the â€Å"lowest† cadre in the social stratum in the United States. Their living conditions reveal an unprecedented poverty. This paper seeks to explore the plight of second generation immigrants as compared to the first generation, and to highlight some of the factors that are contributing to the difference in the social well being between the first generation immigrants and the second generation immigrants, in other words, between parents and their children, who seem to be enjoying a relatively â€Å"higher† position in the society. Such a tendency has been attributed to several factors. According to the US Census Bureau Data (2009), it was realised that the second generation immigrants enjoy more privileges in terms of education and health. They earn more and are better educated as compared to their foreign-born counterparts, which highlights the fact that life conditions have increased from the first to the second order of immigrants.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Second Generation Immigrant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Immigration policy American Immigration Policy, which sets laws and guidelines used for regulatory purposes, in my opinion, is the strongest factor explaining the socio-economic difference of the second generation immigrants. The level of achievement of the second generation immigrants can be attributed to the immigration policies. The American immigration policy stresses out the fact that anyone who is born on the American territory automatically becomes a citizen of the US; the US citizenship comes with numerous other benefits from the government as opposed to non citizens. This scenario would obviously work for the benefit of the child since he would be entitled to a lot of privileges as opposed t o the parents who are not original citizens of the US. Social research shows that the Latino second class citizens have the highest enrolment rates in colleges and high school, which affirms the fact that the set policies play a key role. In the acquisition of their citizenship, the Latinos have continued to excel in their undertaking. According to statistics, it is projected that by 2017, there would have been plenty of multiracial Latinos in every key government position as compared to their present occupation of government positions. Cultural assimilation A conflict of cultures is predominant in the lives of the second generation population. The rate at which they adapt and stabilize themselves within the two different cultures attributes immensely to their relatively high level of success. Those who are able to freely blend and adapt to both cultures are more settled and are considered to be more successful as compared to those who take a lot of time to balance between the two c ultures. Most second generation children are multilingual. Nonetheless, they are subjected to humongous racism and segregation in the society as well, which means that these children become much more sensitive to various social phenomena; this sensitivity leads to an increased self motivation and awareness amongst the second generation, which in turn inflames their desire to achieve success against all odds confronting them. Conclusion The paper has exclusively explored some of the core reasons for a relatively high success of the second generation immigrants in comparison with their parents; it has established why the two mentioned factors have led to high achievement rates in the second generation immigrants and the social issues defining their achievements.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

No Child Left Behind and the Effects on Children with Special Needs Research Proposal

No Child Left Behind and the Effects on Children with Special Needs - Research Proposal Example No Child Left Behind makes it compulsory that the schools across the United should track the improvement and progress of all children with special education needs and students whose first language is not English. The Act advocates the schools to devise strategies so that such students attain similar score as their peers by the year 2014 (Harper, 2005). No Child Left behind Act advocates space and provisions for students with special education needs because not all children who are limited in English proficiency and have some kind of learning disability have the capability to take tests that are similar to those of other students in their standard. The allowances comprise of one-on-one testing periods, expanded test sessions, test booklets with large fonts, helping students to structure their answers and sign language translators (George & Margaret, 2007). The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) has advantages for the students with special needs or learning disabilities but it als o includes certain barriers that might prevent these students from exercising all of the opportunities stated in the law (Cortiella, 2010). In the lieu of this paper we will be discussing the impact of NCLB on such students and assess its usefulness for children that require extra attention due to any kind of learning disability. This stipulation in the act helps the school administration; lawmakers, parents and the Education Department assess the improvement in the progress of students who are usually left behind in better academic attainment. NCLB with all its apparent advantages has initiated heated debates over the efficacy of standardized tests for the two groups that are the normal students and the students with special needs, and... This essay stresses that according to the review of literature on the topic, it has been highlighted that the NCLB Act has immensely affected students with special needs. The motivation that is provided for the low-performing students has decreased the level of expectations instead of increasing it. This is so because of the fact that the reaction of the law when the school fails to make adequate progress is not just providing extra help for students but also punishing the school. This report makes a conclusion that NCLB aims at reducing racial and class discrepancies in academic performance through establishing common expectation for all students. The Act also requires that the schools to pay consideration to academic performance of the underprivileged students; students with special requirements, students from low income groups as well as students of different ethnicities. Conventional systems that were employed by the states considered only the mean school performance. This allowed the schools to be rated highly even in cases where there ware broad achievement discrepancies between underprivileged and privileged students. Extensive research in this area of acceleration shows that it is an effective and low cost educational intervention for students with high abilities. 18 types of accelerations have been identified. Dual credit programs, ability grouping, Advanced Placement, and International Baccalaureate are some other posted suggestions for meeting the n eeds of the gifted students.

Purpose statment Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purpose statment - Personal Statement Example My experiences with my family members had a profound impact upon my thinking. One day my cousin and I were walking on the road. Suddenly, a car approached from behind, and my deaf cousin failed to hear it. I had to push him to the side, in order to save his life. This experience had a profound effect upon me. As such, right from a very young age, I have been exposed to individuals with defective senses. Thus, I had been associated with the hearing impaired, as well as people who experienced great difficulty in speaking normally. Among my family members, there were several people with major hearing defects. Being so proximate, these defects in hearing had a major impact upon my tender psyche. It is necessary to understand that there are several people, of varying age, who are afflicted by defective senses. As a consequence, there are individuals who are blind, deaf, dumb or with other physical shortcomings. As such, in several of these instances, adequate training can be provided to help these impaired persons to develop the skills to manage their day-to-day affairs. Upon encountering a physically impaired person, people tend to behave in a sympathetic manner towards them. This is not what that person desires. Providing such persons with the skills to address their daily problems and to get on with their life is truly beneficial for such people. Thus, I have developed a keen interest in speech-language pathology. It is my honest and humble aim to master this field of knowledge, in order to provide assistance to the individuals with these afflictions. I am keenly interested in helping individuals with defective hearing, residing in the villages of my great nation. This task has proved to be daunting, primarily due to the absence of a master program in speech language pathology. Such academic and professional competence is indispensable for providing outstanding relief to the people with defective hearing. I have been extremely active in

Human Health and The Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Health and The Environment - Essay Example prove that in warmer temperatures, humans will live longer and avoid certain sicknesses .He further discusses the possible risks and benefits of warm temperature to the Americans, and analyses various factors that are in favor of his argument. The foremost positive effect of warm weather is that it results in the production of less ice and problems related to cold conditions. During winter, people have to work hard to remove ice from the roads, streets and subways. During cold weather, the American families face the problem of investment on winter suits, caps, and other items. They like moderately warmer climate because it reduces the amount of investment on winter items, room heating etc. Another benefit of the moderate warm weather is that it does not affect the economic activities like trade and commerce. The transportation sector prospers in this climate; but.on the other hand, cold weather affects it adversely. â€Å"Most economic activities would be unaffected by climate change. Manufacturing, banking, insurance, retailing, wholesaling, medicine, education, mining, financial, and most other services are unrelated to weather.† (Moore, 1998). Moreover, the laborers who are working in warmer climates are willing to accept low wages because they enjoy the benefits of the moderate warm weather. Both harmful and harmless insects flourish in relatively low temperature. On the contrary, moderate warm temperature keeps them away because they are not adapted to live in such conditions. One of the ideal situations that the insects can flourish is the depleted ecosystem. Only strict laws can control the encroachments upon the ecosystem and environment. â€Å"Despite the enormous growth in environmental law and regulation since the 1970s, much of the scientific information needed to ensure environmental protection is still missing.† (Wagner, 2004). The aspect of environmental protection must gain global attention and the implementation of laws must be monitored by an

India Is A Secular Country

India Is A Secular Country I think one of our contradictions and limitations of our democracy was conferral of group rights. Through this provision every religion most importantly Christianity and Muslims can have their own set of religious rights including having their own personal law and all the religious institutions are free to propaganda their own religion and raise money without taxes. Since 1947,Various religions,castes and tribes have been accommodated in our country through group rights, liberal constitutionalism and layered federalism.(Bajpai,2003) I think adopting group rights in our constitution it led to a form of liberalism discourse where as there is a conflict between state sovereignty and Individual rights. In India the concept of religion is deeply rooted, from time to time the ruling classes and the forces which want to control the society has always used religion to mobilise people for electoral votes. In the post-1947 period, all the political parties in order create their exclusive vote banks, they resort to linguistic, regional, religious identities which leads to polarisation among the masses. For eg: targeting Muslim vote banks, congress always appeased the fundamentalists of the community and agreed to all their religious demands while ignoring the basic issues of Muslims which would enable their political participation and economic and cultural development. The political parties to divert the attention of people from miserable ground realities will come up with deceptive slogans and issues. Exploiting the media they will create religious and communal differences among the common masses for their political interests. The decade of 1980s was a decade which saw secular-nationalis t discourse. Its the time when the Indian Identity got fragmented into various smaller sectional identities. To put it in Foucauldian terms Insurrection of littleselves . He notes that this modern form of power is characterized by an immensely flexible braiding of coercion and consent (Nigam,2000).In 80s, BJP, a Hindu nationalist, right wing party dubbed the Congresss secularism as Pseudo-secularism. The secular theory was condemned in the context that it did not respect the wishes and interests of Hindu majority; They felt Hindus were the ones most affected by it. They claimed it pampered the minority, especially Muslims and lower caste. By not respecting Hindu values, it snubs the Indian idea of secularism which calls for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾equal respect for all religions (sarva dharma-sambhav). According to BJP, true secularism, can only be achieved through true equality, which must start from the premise that Hindus constitute the majority population (Hansen 1996). The real pursuit of the discourse of Hindu Nationalism is to achieve equality through difference. The rise of religious identities in India is questioning the fundamental values of democracy. Though Hindu nationalism was steadily growing in 1980s it got radicalized in 1990s. The actors behind this radicalization were assertiveness of lower caste, underperforming political- administrative system (license Raj), increased insecurity because of Globalisation and feeling of dislocation of nation and national identity. The fervour of Hindu nationalism was at its peak at this time and struck chord with Hindu middle classes. Thus Nation-state became a vehicle to disseminate hindutva Ideology. This dogmatism resulted in the demolition of babri masjid. In this discourse to Hindu Nationalism, Muslims were demonized as operational others as they are constraining India to achieve modernity because their cultural obsoleteness and population overgrowth. Also they are considered to be the reason for the dislocation of the nation in the past and the contemporary times. They according to Hindu nationalism, also block the full realization of democracy due to their block voting and stunt the full development of a tolerant secularism due to their intransigence and intolerance (Hansen 1996). Thus the varied notions of authenticity, sovereignty and superiority among these religious groups especially Hindus and Muslims and discourse of rights and equality among these social groups lead to Hindu Nationalism. Hindu Nationalist discourse sought to portray the muslims as inherently doctrine, undemocratic, anti-modern and patriarchal. Hindutva forces like RSS,BJP used a religious language to create a political discourse. To acquire power Hindtuva forces came up with a political ideology to influence the voters and mobilise them on religious grounds by making them increasingly religious consciousness. Hindutvas manifested Hinduism was more hegemonic, chauvinistic and political in character. Hindutva politics used selective religious symbolism that forms a to promote a particular version of Hinduism that fitted the RSSs larger vision of the nation-state by wiping those ideologically inconvenient components of Hinduism. The whole Hindu nationalist movement promoted a view that religion no longer needs to be hidden from the public space, under the garb of secularism. Hindutva forces adapted an aggressive and chauvinistic form of Hinduism. For eg: They brought out the whole concept of Bharartha Matha who is pictured as one form of Hindu kali. During processions they calls for Hindu unity are common and one frequently heard chant is This country is a Hindu country! Its the Hindu peoples own country! Most prevalent of all is Om Kali! Jai Kali! Bharatmata ki jai! In other words, while proclaiming victory in Hindi to Mother India unambiguously understood as Bharat, Hindu India it is supremely violent Kali who is invoked and praised. RSSs activists say Kalis name inspires courage in them, but almost all slogans are plainly intended, too, to be aggressively Hindu and they are understood as such by Muslims and Christians, who hear them most vigorously, yelled out when a procession passes a mosque or church.  [1]   The thematic Hindu nationalism sought the support of religious institutions, orders and festivals in this regard. Among the various festivals, Hindutva has systematically targeted few religious festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi for political purposes. Through indoctrination of colourful, seductive processions the Hindutva forces on a daily basis succeeds in Hinduisation of the public spheres. Lot of Hindu festivals are no more a symbol of religious and cultural traditions but are symbols of communalism. In the name of nationalist ideology, Hindutva forces manifest Hinduism through various institutions in an attempt to make the public internalise Hinduvta ideas which indirectly influences the masses in everyday life. Thus these political elites artificially constructed this whole atmosphere of Hindu-Muslim antagonism through indoctrination and enfranchisement of manifested religious ideas and portrayed muslims as enemies. This resulted in systematic excorcision of muslims.Thus this resurgence of religious identities is not a problem of democracy or secularism its a problem of political vested interests executed through our democratic institutions. Muslims in India are increasingly facing socially exclusion. Muslims are looked at with suspicion and contempt. Its a very disturbing trend to see reports like Muslims are not able to find homes  [2]  and the highest number of untrailed cases are from muslim community  [3]  . How can we be a good democracy if Minorities of our country doesnt feel at peace? A liberal secular democracy shouldnot tolerate matters of faith triumphing over ourconstitution. Religion should not interfere in state affairs. Understanding tolerance as secularism is wrong.as citizens regardless of which community we belong to we must not tolerate certain things.

Drama in Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo

Drama in Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet 'Romeo and Juliet' is centred around three main themes. The love between Romeo and Juliet combined with the hatred between their families. 'Romeo and Juliet' is also about fate and destiny. In the prologue Romeo and Juliet are referred to as "a pair of star-crossed lovers". These themes are all closely linked and have consequences which eventually result in Romeo and Juliet's deaths. The chosen scenes are the most important in the play. The actions in these scenes create a lot of tension and are central to the plot. In the first scene Tybalt is given a reason to want to fight Romeo. Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time and instantly fall in love, only to be driven apart in the second scene when Romeo is banished as a consequence of a fight; this is immediately after they have secretly married. These scenes are closely linked, as the main action in act 3 scene 1 is a direct consequence of something which happened in act 1 scene 5.Shakespeare is a skilful dramatist. In the scenes he uses contrasting ways of gripping the audience's attention. Shakespeare uses a fast moving plot of only four days; he consciously shortened the source material to create effect. This makes it easier to act out as well as creating more drama. It shows how passionate Romeo and Juliet are. The shortened plot grips the audience's attention as there is always something of interest happening. The audience are shocked at how quickly things happen; there is always suspense as to what will happen next. Shakespeare has given thought to the position of act 1 scene 5; he c... ...acle and creates dramatic irony. This helps the audience feel involved as they have information the characters don't and it creates suspense as we wait for the characters to find out what we already know. Shakespeare creates tension and suspense throughout the whole play. This means we are constantly gripped and there is always something happening. This is helped by the fast moving plot which Shakespeare conscientiously created. Tension and suspense is a key aspect to the two key scenes and I think Shakespeare creates a lot of it and in an effective way. Shakespeare also very cleverly bases the two pivotal scenes around opposing themes which is dramatic in its own form. Overall I feel Shakespeare is a very skilful dramatist and knows how to grip the audiences' attention using a variety of techniques, in different ways.

Explore the presentation of Heathcliffs Essay

Explore the presentation of Heathcliff’s journey in Wuthering Heights, in the light of the Marxist Perspective. In Wuthering Heights, Bronti show’s Marxist view’s that ‘it is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness’. Bront? first published her text in the form of a novel in 1847. During this time England was influenced by Marx’s ideas, socialists in England held a conference in London where they formed a new organisation called the Communist League, the aims of the organisation being to overthrow the old bourgeois society based on class antagonisms and to the establish a new society without classes and without private property. Despite England being influenced by Marx ideas at the time, Bront? created Wuthering Heights: a mix genre novel with themes such as domestic realism, tragedy and gothic love, which were very much open to critic and discussion at the time. This shows the extent to how she was much stipulated in her ideas and therefore Wuthering Heights might not have been influenced by the Marxist ideas at the time. When Heathcliff enters in chapter four with no social or domestic status, emphasised by his ‘gibberish that nobody could understand’ suggesting his lack of social skills and ability to communicate; his lingual acquisition depends on his surroundings. Miles notes how ‘rather than a dual function there is an oscillation resulting in the name never satisfactorily serving him either way’, when he enters his name ‘serves’ him as both his ‘Christian name and surname’ immediately setting him as an outsider and determining his role because he does not embody conventions of society. Victorian Society was organised such that the base of the society determines its superstructure, everything associated with culture: education, law, religion and the arts but because Heathcliff is not an Earnshaw his status means he cannot access this cultural economy and he is ultimately rejected. His name therefore presents his inability to gain access and the extent of his exclusion, as Miles notes is ‘a constant reminder of the unsatisfactory fit between himself and the codes of a society denying him incorporation’. It is his status and his social existence that therefore does determine his consciousness. Bronti creates suggested possibilities that cannot ultimately be realised; when Heathcliff first enters he is referred to as ‘landlord’, yet is not given the opportunity to become an Earnshaw. Also, as Gilbert and Gubar note: ‘smashing Catherines rival-brother’s fiddle and making a desirable third among the children in the family so as to insulate her from the pressure of her brothers domination’, this shows the possibilities that Heathcliff might have been able to integrate into the Earnshaws and therefore society in turn becoming Catherine’s chance for freedom from strict social structure, but because of the base structure of the Victorian Society he is rejected. Perhaps the ‘smashing’ quote from Gilbert and Gubar refers to the ‘three thrashings’ Heathcliff had to endure, foreshadowing the idea that the only way he can become part of Victorian Society is in a destructive way. The first reason why possibilities cannot be realised is that Heathcliff is learning his social position: Mr Earnshaw calls him ‘poor, fatherless child’, Heathcliff is constantly made to perceive himself as poor, these social circumstances determine why Heathcliff is placed into the servant quarters and therefore kept separate from social events by Hindley, who is in power after Mr Earnshaw dies. Heathcliff’s access to the superstructure of Victorian society becomes limited, and even though Heathcliff ‘bore his degradation well’ this heightens his perception of himself as someone in need of charity, making him susceptible to charity or abuse. Perhaps the possibilities might have been realised if Catherine hadn’t accessed Thrushcross Grange: a place ‘carpeted with crimson†¦ pure white ceiling bordered with gold’, suggesting Thrushcross Grange’s wealth, status and a place that epitomises gentry and reflecting the Victorian connection of wealth and heaven. When Catherine is taken to Trushcross Grange she is introduced to a new social status, where she has ‘combed her beautiful hair’ and ‘pair of enormous slippers’, we see how her ‘consciousness’ has now changed as she has been introduced to Victorian Societies superstructure. It is only until this integration into the Heights that Catherine realises Heathcliff is not adequate for her. She is enabled access to the Heights because of her name and its association with economic position. Heathcliff is a gypsy and by ‘putting up the shutters’, ‘curtains half closed’ while Heathcliff’s looking through the window panes shows how the barriers symbolise Bronti presenting the strict Victorian Society which denies Heathcliff’s access to culture and education. Trushcross Grange becomes somewhat of a Victorian society’s ideal, a materialistic ideal. Catherine’s awareness of her social existence results in her new perception that she cannot marry Heathcliff because: ‘if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars’ Even though he is her authentic love and she hints at Heathcliff and her being inseparable she does not follow through. She has already chosen to marry Edgar; and so the novel can be read from a Marxist perspective as Catherine’s outlook in marrying Edgar is materialist as she thinks about social reasons and survival, as opposed to the idealistic perspective. Bronti shows how Catherine is affected my material circumstances reflected when she says she will be â€Å"queen of the neighbourhood† and does not chose Heathcliff, who can be seen as a symbol of her freedom. However, it can be argued that she never has a choice between the two as the way she is set to think is largely conditioned by the way the economy is organised. Bront? presents through the novel how this economy determines the superstructure and therefore even though Heathcliff stands for Catherine’s freedom it is Victorian society’s mentality that means people remain ignorant of Heathcliff’s potential goodness, who is instead driven away because he does not have the capital (money) or culture (education) to support her. So, Catherine probably is right in saying they would be beggars. It is their social circumstances that have determined much of their life and results in Heathcliff running off. Bront? creates this gap in the novel where we are unaware of Heathcliff’s situation which effectively creates a sense of mystery around Heathliff and and forms tension until his return, even if it be full of vengeance.

Linus Pauling Biography

Linus Pauling Biography Linus Carl Pauling  (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994)  was the only person to receive two unshared Nobel Prizes- for Chemistry in 1954 and for Peace in 1962. Pauling published over 1200 books and papers on a wide variety of topics, but is best known for his work in the fields of quantum chemistry and biochemistry. Early Years Linus Pauling was the oldest child of Herman Henry William Pauling and Lucy Isabelle Darling. In 1904, the family moved to Oswego, Orgeon, where Herman opened a drugstore. In 1905, the Pauling family  moved to Condon, Oregon. Herman Pauling died in 1910 of a perforated ulcer, leaving Lucy to care for Linus and his sisters Lucile and Pauline. Pauling had a friend (Lloyd Jeffress, who became an acoustic scientist and psychology professor)   who owned a chemistry kit. Linus attributed his interest in becoming a chemist to early experiments Jeffress performed when the boys were both 13. At age 15, Linus entered Oregon Agricultural College (later to become Oregon State University), but he was lacking the history requirements for a high school diploma. Washington High School awarded Pauling a high school diploma 45 years later, after he had won the Nobel Prize. Pauling worked while in college to help support his mother. He met his future wide, Ava Helen Miller, while working as a teaching assistant for a home economics chemistry course. In 1922, Pauling graduated from Oregon Agricultural College with a degree in chemical engineering. He enrolled as a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology, studying crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffraction under Richard Tolman and Roscoe Dickinson. In 1925, he received a Ph.D. in physical chemistry and mathematical physics, graduating summa cum laude. In 1926, Pauling traveled to Europe under a Guggenheim Fellowship, to study under physicists  Erwin Schrà ¶dinger, Arnold Sommerfeld, and Niels Bohr. Career Highlights Pauling studied and published in numerous fields, including chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, medicine, and politics. He applied quantum mechanics to explain the formation of chemical bonds. He established the electronegativity scale to predict covalent and ionic bonding. To explain covalent bonding, he proposed bond resonance and bond-orbital hybridization. The final three decades of Paulings research career focused on health and physiology. In 1934, he explored the magnetic properties of hemoglobin and how antigens and antibodies function in immunity. In 1940 he proposed a hand-in-glove model of molecular complements, which applied not only to serology, but also paved the way for Watson and Cricks description of DNA structure. He identified sickle cell anemia as a molecular disease, leading to human genome research. In World War II, Pauling invented missile propellants and an explosive named linusite. He developed synthetic blood plasma for battlefield use. He invented an oxygen meter to monitor air quality in planes and submarines that was later applied for surgery and infant incubators. Pauling proposed a molecular theory for how general anesthesia works. Pauling was an outspoken opponent to nuclear tests and arms. This led to revocation of his passport, as international travel was deemed by the State Department  to be  not in the best interests of the United States. His passport was reinstated when he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. For the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited Paulings work on the nature of the chemical bond, his studies of the structure of crystals and molecules, and description of protein structure (specifically the alpha helix). Pauling used his fame as a laureate to further social activism. He  applied scientific data to describe how radioactive fallout would increase cancer and birth defect rates. October 10, 1963 was the day it was announced Linus Pauling would be awarded the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize and also the day the limited test ban on nuclear weapons (U.S., U.S.S.R., Great Britain) went into effect. Notable Awards Linus Pauling received many honors and awards throughout his distinguished career. Among the most notable: 1931 - Irving Langmuir Award1947 - Davy Medal1954 - Nobel Prize in Chemistry1962 - Nobel Peace Prize1967 - Roebling Medal1968-69 - Lenin Peace Prize1974 - National Medal of Science1977 - Lomonosov Gold Medal1979 - NAS Award in Chemical Sciences1984 - Priestley Medal1989 - Vannevar Bush Award Legacy Pauling died at his home in Big Sur, California of prostate cancer at the age of 93 on August 19, 1994. Although a grave marker was placed in Oswego Pioneer Cemetery in Lake Oswego Oregon, his and his wifes ashes were not buried there until 2005. Linus and Lucy had four children: Linus Jr., Peter, Linda, and Crellin. They had 15 grandchildren and 19 great-grandchildren. Linus Pauling is remembered as the father of molecular biology and one of the founders of quantum chemistry. His concepts of electronegativity and electron orbital hybridization are taught in modern chemistry.

How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essays

How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essays How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essay How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essay Essay Topic: Literature Charles Dickens uses many methods to create suspense and fear in The Signalman story. He introduces fear to make the short, ghost story more interesting. Dickens set his ghost story on a railway line, which at the same time has a very modern setting and not a traditional dark, crooked old house. The tale begins with a gripping and dramatic opening line, which instantly grabs the readers attention. The first line introduces the narrator who was left anonymous throughout the story. This instantly builds up tension, as the reader does not know what sort of a person the narrator really is. When the narrator is a character in the story, it makes it easier to know how the person is feeling; this makes the reader more aware of the character and can begin to relate to them. Charles Dickens begins to create fear and suspense in the first couple of lines. The story begins with halloa! Below there! The words were shouted by a mysterious figure standing above the cutting on top of the bridge. It leaves us guessing who had shouted the words; all we know at this point is that it was a figure in the distance. Halloa was an informal welcome in the late 19th century. The actions create mystery, which is effective to create the overall suspense. Also you still havent had any kind of a physical description of the signalman so at this time you dont even know if hes human or not and you cant just make an guess you have to read on. The description of the signalman is also quite fearful as when he describes him with, pale skin, dark hair and eyes, you feel quite scared of him, when they say he has his hand to his chin, that is quite mysterious. You want to know why he has his hand to his chin The signalman is an important character as once they get talking and his actions are very weird to start off with; He stands carefully in the railway with his hand on his chin, not moving a muscle until they are face to face Before he stirred I was near enough to have touched him. Also when they do meet he makes no attempt to start the conversation, instead he looks at the red light Look towards the red light He seems very mysterious and again pretty strange. As they begin to talk again the man becomes slightly threatening and the narrator thinks that he might be a ghost This was a spirit. This is a very tense point in the story because the ghosts identity may have already been given away, but the signalman begins to show fear and asks if they have met before. After their conversation the man leaves and the signalman tells him that on his return journey not call out those words. Halloa! Below there. It builds tension over what these words really mean to the signalman and why he is scared of them. The signalman himself looks mysterious A dark pale man. This would add to the readers suspense and build up the tension, as he gets closer. They go back to the signal box and from his long description you realise that he is quite a knowledgeable man Worked at fractions and decimals. If he is so clever why is he a signalman? He is also a very skilled workman Safest of men to be employed. These questions add mystery to who he really is, which in builds up the suspense. Within their talk, the signalman looks outside toward the tunnel more than once. This creates mystery of whats going to happen, and why does he keep looking out of the box? In the first conversation he tells the man that he is troubled. This makes you ask the question what is he troubled about and does it have anything to do with his weird actions before? Could he be or knows the ghost? These questions make you think about whats about to happen? This also builds suspense. On the mans return visit he is told about the mysterious figure and how it disappeared. It was gone. This long passage describing the ghosts actions adds tension and what is the ghost going to do next? He also clears up his odd actions (when he looked down the tunnel). The ghost says those very same words. We now know that he is not the ghost so some tension is lost but it is now a matter of if the man will see the ghost and what it will say. He also tells the man of the lady who died in the carriage just after he had seen the figure Within six hours after this appearance, the memorable accident happened. You begin to think of the death and the ghosts and start wondering whos next? He is described as seemed to make the place strike colder to me, but I said no more.. This a weird description to give someone, could he be the ghost? As you here about the ghost, the narrators actions are very intriguing,. The man has the same reactions when he hears about the second ghost In the end it is the narrators fault that the signalman dies because if he hadnt called down to him in the first place, the signalman would have looked up as the train came down the tunnel. Below there, look out. The first words of the story are the most decisive words of the story. Could it have been fate? And no matter what had happened between the start of the story and his death, it couldnt have been prevented. The man obviously feels responsible for his death and you feel that if he hadnt called down to the man none of this would of happened. This is quite a mysterious and even more, a scary thought.

Deontology and Utilitarian Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deontology and Utilitarian Scenario - Essay Example Utilitarianism, which is a teleological framework, on the other hand, decides on whether some thing is right or wrong by looking at the consequences or ‘teleos’ of the relevant action or non action. I.e. the action itself is not value neutral and the intrinsic nature of the action is not very relevant. It is what is achieved by that action that is determinant in ascertaining whether something is right or wrong. As such the same action can be right in one instance and wrong in the other instance, depending on the circumstances and consequences. This is directly at odds with deontological frameworks which provide that a given action will be universally right or wrong irrespective of the surrounding circumstances. The foregoing also highlights why deontology is considered to be a specimen of absolutism while utilitarianism exemplifies relativism. Utilitarianism, like the philosophies put forward by John Stuart Mills, look at whether something is right or wrong by looking at the consequences of that action in that it looks to see whether the action produces the greatest aggregate happiness amongst the relevant people. Application of deontological principles to the ethical problem at hand In applying deontological principles, mainly in the form of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy on ‘categorical imperatives’, I can ascertain what I should or should not do when I’m standing on the bridge with the mad fat ethical philosopher. The only thing I must put my mind to is whether I should push the villain and kill him or not. The surrounding circumstances are irrelevant. It is only the intrinsic value of the action of pushing him and killing him that I must put my mind to. As such, at first glance it can be said that under Kant’s philosophy the ‘right’ thing to do would be not to kill the villain. This general conclusion can be supported by applying some of Kant’s categorical imperatives. For example, applying the categorical imperative that is similar to the Golden Rule in the Bible and provides for the principle of universalizability, if I was the fat person on the bridge looking down at the tracks, I certainly would not have wanted to be thrown down on to the tracks for want of a heavy inanimate object. If I would not want to be thrown down, then equally I should not throw the villain down. Furthermore, it is very clear that the villain is necessary only because there is a lack of any other heavy object. The fact that he is human is irrelevant. Only his mass and physical being is necessary. This goes directly against Kant’s categorical imperative that one must not use humans simply as a means to an end. The fact that I would be merely using the villain and disregarding his humanity if I did throw him down the tracks would go directly against this categorical imperative which emphasizes that respect for the person. Note how in the above discussion the consequences of throwing down th e villain were not discussed. This is because in relation to this specific action, it was irrelevant that by killing the villain the innocent people will be saved. However, ethical principles apply equally to action as well as non actions. It is one thing to think about throwing down the villain and killing him, but there is another thing to think about in the same circumstances. Presumably, I am the only one on the bridge and I have the power to save the five innocent

Understand the key features of the theories of motivation in a team Essay

Understand the key features of the theories of motivation in a team (LEADERSHIP) - Essay Example which workers get motivated is through; use of inspirational posters and participating in team building activities especially when the leaders take part with the team members (Heinrichs 2013, P. 211). As such, the team building activities enhances cohesiveness among team members. The essay seeks to discuss an understanding of key features of the motivational theories through an effective leadership. There are many causes of dissatisfaction among members of a team at a place of work. Among the major causes of dissatisfaction is being underpaid. Whenever a member of a team or an employee feels that he is underpaid, he will get dissatisfied and hence gets less motivated. A less motivated employee is less productive and, as a result, compromising the overall performance of the organization. Poor management is another cause of dissatisfaction among team members. Most members of a team want to be led by someone they look up to as a role model. When this is lacking, members under this leadership are likely to be less motivated. In certain occasions, lack of interest can also be a possible cause of dissatisfaction among members of a team. Without interest, dissatisfaction follows and finally, the general performance of the company (Lepak & Gowan 2010, P. 77). To some, the lack of career growth can cause dissatisfaction among members of a team. The members will then get withdrawn from w ork and the resultant outcome is a compromise of the performance of an organization. To develop a team, a leader can employ a number of techniques with an aim of motivating his workers. However, if workers are not motivated, their performance may go down. Therefore, motivation is an essential component in the enhancement of performance. Though, team leaders or managers need to motivate employees as frequent as possible through a number of ways. First, the team leader should be proactive to build the required skills in order to work efficiently in the achievement of the set target (Tracy

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 59

Marketing - Essay Example This was a great experience because I was able to master my customers and the products they preferred best and disliked most. Marketing intermediary refers to the involvement of a retailer or a wholesaler in the flow of goods to the consumer. This is the marketing channel that I have been involved in whereby I am a distributor of mineral water for a certain company in our local state (McCalley pp.6-92). Marketing channels solve logistical problems in availing goods to the consumer. This is because they facilitate physical distribution and sorting of goods. Moreover, they also offer facilitative advantages in that they may source of vital information relevant to a business about competition, channel members and customers. . It is also a great experience to research how customers respond to a new product in the distribution business and the grocery shop currently run by mum. These channels are of great benefit to intermediaries in terms of finance since goods can be sold and purchased on credit and financed as they are being sold. In my distributorship business I always encountered financial problems, but courtesy of receiving goods with a 30 days credit payment terms I remained in business Moreover they are opportunities for business to promote their products and companies by offering discounts, advertisement, gifts and after sale services. In several occasions I had to provide discounts to my customers and I realized that with that customers always bought more because products were a little bit cheaper. Most businesses do make profits through giving rewards to their customers as they gain competitive advantage. Marketing channels offers a chance for organization to contact and understand their customers’ needs which goes a long way in facilitating matching supply and demand. Matching the demand and the supply of products leads to efficiency and effectiveness of

The Similarities and Differences Between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Essay Example for Free

The Similarities and Differences Between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Essay Many individuals are diagnose with kidney disease each year, and some individuals face a difficult situation concerning the possibility of doing dialysis, and choosing what type of dialysis treatment is right for the individual. Both Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis give patients the quality of life. In contrast both procedures are done differently, Hemodialysis patients are dependent, and peritoneal dialysis patients are self-sufficient. In comparison both removes waste from the bloodstream; however, both procedures are beneficial to treat kidney disease. Hemodialysis is a common procedure that removes waste from the bloodstream in patients’ whose kidneys does not function properly. The hemodialysis procedure consist of using a machine called the dialyzer, and the patients’ own veins, which is often called a fistula, to transfer blood back and forth from the dialyzer to the patients’ arm. However; because the fistula takes approximately six weeks to heal, patients often get a Vortex Graft placed, a Vortex Graft is plastic tubing placed inside of the patients’ vein most patients can use their graft in two to three weeks; However; there are some patients who have to start dialysis immediately; therefore, a Tunnel Catheter is placed, a Tunnel Catheter is a long flexible tube surgically inserted in a large vein in the neck, for immediate dialysis use. Patients often do hemodialysis three days a week, every other day. Most patients’ dialysis treatment runs approximately three to five hours each day, depending on what type of access they have. The day of their hemodialysis treatment, patients weigh themselves at the center and prepare to be seated to start their treatment. The dialysis technicians prep the dialyzer before the patients are ready to start dialyzing. The dialysis technicians take the patients’ temperature and blood pressure before the patients are seated. The dialysis technicians cleans the access site and make sure the site is working properly. Dialysis technicians have to follow a certain protocol when putting dialysis patients on for their treatment. Therefore; patients and technicians wear face mask to keep from cross contaminations of blood and germs. More often; dialysis technicians change gloves throughout the treatment session. The technicians’ monitors the patients’ blood pressure throughout the dialysis procedure, because patients run a risk of their blood pressure getting too low; dialysis technician may have to administer saline solution to bring the patients’ blood pressure back up to a normal range. The dialysis technicians log the patients’ blood pressure throughout the dialysis session. Once the patients are done with their dialysis session, the technicians take their temperature, blood pressure, and make sure their blood pressure is at a normal range before letting the patients leave their chair, once blood pressure is at a normal range; patients weigh themselves, and the technicians log it into the computer. Hemodialysis patients rely on their dialysis technicians for their dialysis treatment needs. In addition, hemodialysis patients run into risk associated with taking hemodialysis. One of the most common risks is clotting of the arteries in the arm. Most of the time patients are sent to a nearby hospital to see a vascular surgeon to have to clot removed. Often the clot can be removed, and the patients can return the next day to restart their dialysis treatment; however, there are times when the clot cannot be removed; therefore patients have a temporary tunnel catheter placed. Tunnel catheter is only placed temporarily placed until the surgeon can either fix the clotted arties, or place a new fistula. Tunnel catheter is the primary cause of most infections in hemodialysis patients and is one the primary reason for hospitalization of hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients often drink too much fluid and in result have to pull off more fluid; therefore, their blood pressure may get too low. When hemodialysis pulls off excess fluid it also pulls off potassium, and patients may experience severe cramping. Furthermore, hemodialysis patients follow a diet called â€Å"The Renal Diet;† patients have to eat foods; low in sodium, low in potassium, and low in phosphorus. Most patients on hemodialysis have a fluid restriction, normally; the fluid restriction is about four cups of fluid a day or six cups a fluid a day. Hemodialysis pulls the protein from the patients’ body; therefore patients have to eat a high protein diet. On the contrary, peritoneal dialysis is a common procedure that removes waste from the bloodstream in patients’ whose kidneys does not function properly. The peritoneal dialysis procedure consists of using a fluid called dialysate, and a catheter; the catheter is placed in the abdomen of the kidney dialysis patients. When patients do peritoneal dialysis the dialysate solution is placed in the abdomen of the kidney patients and sits there for up to four hours; the hours the fluid sits is called the dwell time. Once the fluid has sat for a while the kidney dialysis patients exchange the old dialysate solution with new dialysate solution and start the whole process over again. Peritoneal dialysis can be done in two different ways; Automated Peritoneal Dialysis and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis is done while the kidney dialysis patients are asleep and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is done every four hours approximately five times a day for 30 minutes. Patients who do peritoneal dialysis do it in their own home. Before starting peritoneal dialysis patients are properly trained by a nurse for three weeks. Patients must be able to do own treatments once training is over. Peritoneal dialysis can choose what time a day to do their treatments, and what type of peritoneal dialysis treatment they prefer. Patients must order supplies each month and must have adequate amount of space to store supplies. Typically, patients start the day off by taken their blood pressure, temperature, and weight, and log the results. Before patients start a peritoneal dialysis treatment; patients close doors, window, and clean table with disinfectant. Patients’ then gather supplies for treatment, put on a face mask, and clean hands and exit site. Patients then hook themselves up and began exchanging fluid, after done with treatment patients properly dispose of waste and enjoy the rest of their day. In addition, peritoneal dialysis patients run into risk associated with taking peritoneal dialysis. One of the most common risks is an infection called Peritonitis. Peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneum; a peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal that forms a sack. Most of the time patients are given antibiotics to eliminate the infection. Peritoneal dialysis patients can develop a hernia; a hernia is a tear of the wall where an organ sticks out; therefore, patients should not lift heavy objects. Patients may experience bloating, constipation, weight gain, fluid overload, and dry skin associated with peritoneal dialysis. Furthermore, peritoneal dialysis patients follow a diet called â€Å"The Renal Diet;† patients have to eat foods low in sodium, low in phosphorus; however, patient can eat a potassium rich diet, because they dialyze every day. Some patients on peritoneal dialysis have a fluid restriction; however, most patients who do peritoneal dialysis do not have a fluid restriction, because they dialyze every day. Peritoneal dialysis pulls the protein for the patients’ body; therefore patients have to eat a high protein diet. Peritoneal dialysis patients have to eat a low calorie diet, because they get some of their calories from the dextrose found in the dialysate solution. In conclusion, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are similar in so many ways; for example both dialysis procedures cleanse waste from the bloodstream of patients whose kidneys does not function properly, patients follow the same type of diet, and both treatments have to be done in a clean environment. Hemodialysis use a machine called the dialyzer and the patients’ arteries to transfer blood to and from the machine, and peritoneal dialysis use a fluid called dialysate and transfer fluid through a catheter placed in the patients’ abdomen. Hemodialysis patients rely on their technician for all their dialysis treatments need, and peritoneal dialysis patients basically do all their on treatments. Hemodialysis patients’ schedules are preset, and peritoneal dialysis patients’ schedules are more flexible. In contrast both procedures are done differently, Hemodialysis patients are dependent, and peritoneal dialysis patients are self-sufficient. In comparison both removes waste from the bloodstream; however, both procedures are beneficial to treat kidney disease.

Spain :: essays research papers

Population The Spanish people are essentially a mixture of the indigenous peoples of the Iberian Peninsula with the successive peoples who conquered the peninsula and occupied it for extended periods. These added ethnologic elements include the Romans, a Mediterranean people, and the Suevi, Vandals, and Visigoths (see GOTHS), Teutonic peoples. Semitic elements are also present. Several ethnic groups in Spain have kept a separate identity, culturally and linguistically. These include the Basques (Euskal-dun), who number about 2.5 million and live chiefly around the Bay of Biscay; the Galicians, numbering about 2.5 million, who live in northwestern Spain; and the nomadic Spanish Gypsies (Gitanos; see GYPSIES). Population Characteristics The population of Spain (1991) was 38,872,268. The estimate for 1993 was 39,207,159; the overall density was about 78 people per sq km (about 201 per sq mi). Spain in increasingly urban with more than three-fourths of the population in towns and cities. "Spain," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation. Forestry and Fishing The cork-oak tree is the principal forest resource of Spain, and the annual production of cork, more than 110,000 metric tons in the mid-1980s, is second only to that of Portugal. The yield of Spain's forests is insufficient for the country's wood-pulp and timber needs. The fishing industry is important to the Spanish economy. The annual catch was about 1.5 million metric tons in 1990 and consisted primarily of tuna, squid, octopus, hake, sardines, anchovies, mackerel, blue whiting, and mussels. Mining The mineral wealth of Spain is considerable. In 1990 annual production included about 36 million metric tons of coal and lignite, 1.5 million tons of iron ore, 255,000 tons of zinc concentrates, 58,400 tons of lead, 5 million tons of gypsum, and 795,000 tons of crude petroleum. The principal coal mines are in the northwest, near Oviedo; the chief iron-ore deposits are in the same area, around Santander and Bilbao; large mercury reserves are located in Almadà ©n, in southwestern Spain, and copper and lead are mined in Andalusia. Other minerals produced are potash, manganese, fluorite, tin, tungsten, wolfram, bismuth, antimony, cobalt, and rock salt. Manufacturing Among the leading goods manufactured in Spain are textiles, iron and steel, motor vehicles, chemicals, clothing, footwear, ships, refined petroleum, and cement. Spain is one of the world's leading wine producers, and the annual output in the late 1980s was about 2.3 million metric tons. The iron and steel industry, centered in Bilbao, Santander, Oviedo, and Avilà ©s, produced about 13.

Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer

Choose a health topic related to primary prevention, secondary prevention, or tertiary care. Explain why this is an important topic of discussion based on your personal belief, and based on valid research. Paper should be 1. 5 – 2 pages. APA format must be followed. Detailed assignment information will be provided. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the 2nd most leading cause of their death. It is estimated that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life time and it will claim as many as 40,000 lives in the US only. ( http://www. nationalbreastcancer. rg/breast-cancer-facts) Primary prevention can play a key role in substantially reducing the chances of developing breast cancer Early detection through screening can make treatment process easier and less extensive. Primary prevention is all about reducing the risk factors that may enhance one’s chjances of getting breasts cancer specially if there is a history of breast canc er in the family. Long term heavy smoking and alcohol consumtion can increase the chances of developing breast cancer. (http://www. cancer. org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-030975. df American cancer society) â€Å"Prevention is the best cure† is a very wise proverb. Necessary precautions can prevent major health problems altogether. The major focus of primary prevention is to prevent a diseases before it occurs. One of doing so is by controlling the risk factors in healthy people that may lead to the disease. There are several different approaches such as clinical prevention which includes interactions with a health proifessional, community based efforts such as awareness programs, laws and plocies etfc. , and work place health programs that promote healthy life style etc.Family history of breast cancer can almost double the risk of getting breast cancer which makes the Its important to cultivate a healthy life style to avoid this prob lem altogether and promote healthy habits and activities than can reduce the chances significantly. Since breast cancer prevention are risk based Determining the risk factor is the first step in designing a prevention plan. Chemoprevention, tamoxifen although can help reduce the risk factors by as much as half but they don’t come without their own risk are not widely practiced.Therefore, primary prevention which is now evolving itself to include cancer screening, imaging, pathalogial findings and level od suspicion etc along with computer programs and special algorithms can help reduce the chances and early detection. The trends show that breast cancer has been on the rise and many people don’t have access to treatment and affordability is another factor. Between 1975 to 1990 it increases and then dcresed byh 2. 34 percent between 1990 and 2002. Black women have a higher percentage of mortality compared with the rest of the races in the US.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sThere are many factors that determine the risk of getting cancer. In female the risk increases with age which can be coped with adjusting to a new life style and observing high precaution. Family history (first or second degree of relation) can increase the risk higher and if more than one family member had cancer it would increase the risk even further that’s why education of such people right from the first case is very important. Girls from young age should be nurtured in a way to adopt a healthy life style and a life style that decreases the chances of getting breast cancer.Different levels of Reproductive Hormones that change with a woman’s age andfor some other reasons such as pregnancy and nulliparity etc also play a role in determining the risk factors. Mind benign breast malfunction can also increase the chances of having breast cancer in later stages of a woman/s life. Irradiation at early age also increases risks of getting breast cancer. Prevention th rough lifestyle. Diet and nutritions is controversial but fat consumtion has been associated with breast cancer.Different studies have shown conflicting results and therefore this area is open for more research. Obesity, however, has been clearly associated with raising the risk factor just like smoking and long term alcohol consumtion does too. Primary prevention. Life style modification studies have yielded different and controversial results. However, disregarding the impact od life syle change, it can lead to better health over all as well reduce the over all risk factor. This may include physical activity, healthy weight, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.Ec. Women with high risk of cancer due to genetic mutation may consider non Some primary prevention measures such as prophylactic oophorectomy in young women(35 and under) has shown to reduce the breast cancer by 60 percent but this surgery comes with many unpleasant symptoms. Such as mood changes, night sweats and hot flashes etc. Prophylactic mastectomy which is the removal of both or one breast is also a primary prevention techniques but its drawbacks may outweigh its benefits. Therefor this practice is limited to women with a very high risk of breast cancer.Chemoprevention techniques such as tamoxifen and raloxifene can reduce the risk to one half. But this form of prentive techniques such as tamoxifen shows an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women over the age of 500 (PRIMARY PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER, SCREENING FOR EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER, AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND MAMMOGRAPHIC BREAST ABNORMALITIES Therese B. Bevers) Although most women may not deveop cancer in their life time but prevention techniques and precautions and habits can ensure early detection. Primary prevention saves time, costs related to the treatment, discomfort and pain.CLINICAL REVIEW Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer—What the Primary Care Provider Needs to Know Nelia A fonso, MD Primary prevention would encompass not only a healthy life style which includes measures to avoid exposure to carcinogen exposure and health promoting activieties and habits . the focus is block the cancer from eve ndeveloping or delay its development to malignancy. And for people who have a high risk of cancer (due to genetic mutation etc ), it includes administration of chemopreventive agents or surgeries that require removal of some body parts. ( http://www. ns. org/ClinicalResources/BreastCancer/Prevention/Types) Environmental factors exposure to insecticides etc can increase the chances of developing cancer. ( http://www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/HealthProfessional/page2) http://www. cancer. org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-030975. pdf self examination. Periodic mammography 40 percent cases of cancer can be avoided just by making lifestyle changes. (http://www. kingsfund. org. uk/projects/gp-commissioning/t en-priorities-for-commissioners/primary-prevention)Regular primary care can reduce mortality rate over a period of just 5 years. (http://sphhs. gwu. edu/departments/healthpolicy/dhp_publications/pub_uploads/dhpPublication_3BBD241A-5056-9D20-3DC72347BA069B17. pdf) having a primary care physician decreases the likelihood of getting diseases and increases the effectiveness and appropriateness of care. Having one particular person as a primary health provider means fewer prescriptions and fewer tests more and decrease of emergency care. Primary health care can reduce expenses. Hospitalization and down time can be avoided. Interventions such as smoking